Multiple Pesticides and their Mixtures Tested for Genotoxicity in the Micronucleus Assays on Intestinal Caco‑2 Cells
Original Research
Abstract
Background: Widespread exposure to multiple pesticides might potentially represent a genotoxic risk to humans. However, the effects of these mixtures are largely unknown. Genotoxicity is a key characteristic of carcinogens, and its assessment represents an important component of the safety assessment of pesticides.
Methods: In the present study, an in vitro micronucleus test on intestinal Caco‑2 human cells was performed according to OECD TG 487. Ten pesticides were tested (dose range 0–100 mg L–1) either individually or as mixtures.
Objectives: Assessing the genotoxicity of 10 commonly used pesticides and their mixtures.
Findings: Significant dose‑related increases in micronuclei were observed following exposure to lambda‑cyhalothrin, tebuconazole, glyphosate, deltamethrin, fluopyram, and the synergist piperonyl butoxide. Significant increases in micronuclei were also observed at different doses for cypermethrin, acetamiprid, and cyprodinil; however, these increases were not dose dependent. Imazalil genotoxicity could not be analyzed due to the confounding effect of high cytotoxicity even at low doses. Results show that the co‑formulant piperonyl butoxide was genotoxic to human cell lines at all tested doses. Moreover, glyphosate, acetamiprid, and fluopyram showed genotoxic effects at concentrations of 0.01–1.0 mg L–1. Although previously reported to be not genotoxic, cyprodinil and deltamethrin were observed to be genotoxic to Caco‑2 cells. A combination of three prioritized pesticides (acetamiprid, glyphosate, tebuconazole) showed genotoxic effects even at the lowest dose. A combination of eight prioritized pesticides showed genotoxicity at the highest dose. No synergistic interactions in micronuclei formation were evident in either the mixture of three or eight prioritized pesticides.
Conclusions: This study provides important information on the genotoxicity of different widely used pesticides and confirms the validity of a component‑based approach in the genotoxicity assessment of pesticide mixtures. This study was performed as part of the EU SPRINT (Sustainable Plant Protection Transition: A Global Health Approach) project.
https://annalsofglobalhealth.org/articles/10.5334/aogh.5345
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Radical Maine Democrat Senate Nominee Wants the State to Seize Private Property from Mainers: “The State Should Be Able to Come In and Take These Places Over”
At a Labor Day weekend campaign stop Saturday at Blueberry Ridge Mobile Village in Wells, Jackson said the state should step in and take over parks owned by out-of-state companies and private equity firms.
“I feel strongly that, if needed, the state should be able to come in, to take these places over,” Jackson told residents gathered in a backyard, according to the Portland Press Herald.
He added that the state should hold the sites until residents can take them over “so you don’t see these private equity (firms) coming in and making a killing on these parks.”
TGP also reported that Jackson’s longtime partner is his second cousin and the mother of his two adult sons. His campaign called coverage of the family relationship “shameful and desperate.” It did not deny the facts.
Additional reporting covered a 1988 police report in which a 19-year-old Jackson kicked in a door, grabbed a man by the throat, and punched him over the same woman, plus later allegations of a slap and the well-known “water bottle incident” with a female colleague in the State House. Jackson has denied violence against women while acknowledging the old fight.
There is also the Augusta house. Jackson allegedly used an FHA loan that required the property to be his principal residence, then continued listing Allagash as his home for legislative purposes while collecting substantial taxpayer-funded travel reimbursements. He later sold the Augusta house at a profit. Ethics officials declined to pursue the residency complaints. The questions never fully went away.
https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2026/09/radical-maine-democrat-senate-nominee-wants-state-seize/
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Are Westerners now associating Israel with genocide?
Comedian Makes Couple Fight!!!
Turkiye enters the Red Sea: What is behind the defense pact with Saudi Arabia?
(I HAVE OVER 200 YT SUBSCRIPTIONS. I JUST SUBSCRIBED TO THIS CHANNEL.
THEY HAVE INTELLIENT PEOPLETALKING ABOUT THE MIDEAST. TURKIYE WANTS TO
REPLACE THE US TO CONTROL THE MEDITERRANEAN. TURKIYE WILL BE IN CHARGE
OF MAKING THE DIFFERENT MEMBERS OF THE MECCA DEFENSE ALLIANCE WHICH
WILL HAVE A PAKITAN IN CHARGE IN RIYADH WHERE THEY HAVE THEIR HQ. EGYPT
WANTS TO JOIN THE MECCA ALLIANCE ALONG WITH A DOZEN OTHER MUSLIM NATIONAS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-cQt0Q2T1mE
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West in Shock: Russian Su-57 Fighters Converted into Drone Swarm Platforms
(Russia has far superior weapons. The F-35 is a piece of crap. The F-22 is good but Israel wants to
sell it to Israel when we join our militaries. They already sold the Patriot air defense system, the Neutron bomb
and our advanced avionics which the Chinese sold to Pakistan. The J17 f proved to be superior to India's F-16.)
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If Trump escalates beyond what Iran is willing to tolerate then..............
If these cables are cut, parts of Europe go offline. They run through the Strait of Hormuz.
AfD Sweeps Saxony-Anhalt Election In First "Far Right" Victory Since WW2: "Signal To Berlin"
"From here, we will change Germany."
(Turks who emigrated to Germany in the 19503 and 1960s had to learn to speak German and had
to work to support themselves. NO WELFARE. NO CRIME AS A RIGHT. Their descendants today
own businesses and pay taxes. They support AfD.)
https://www.zerohedge.com/political/afd-predicted-win-saxony-anhalt-merz-panics-antifa-floods-streets
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A GoFundMe In Support of Lindsay Clancy Nears $1.2 Million After Mistrial
One anonymous donor gave $5,000...
($1.2 million for a whack job.I wonder what I could do to convince liberals to fund me. I
could do a sacred Native American rain dance to break the drought in the Southwest.
A huge tropical storm is headed towards So Cal) )
https://www.zerohedge.com/political/gofundme-support-lindsay-clancy-nears-12-million-after-mistrial
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Iran Vows 'Faster, More Painful' Response To US Attacks After Weekend Sea Battle
Some weekend Hormuz chaos erupted just after Trump called conflict "small potatoes"...
(Iran has a missile that America's $4 million Patriot and $12 million THAAD cannot intercept at all.)
(Ted Postol said their interception rate for Iran's latest missile is 0.0%. The interception rate for the other
modern missiles was 2%. For the older missiles Iran was firing to deplete our inventory might have been
as high as 4%.)
https://www.zerohedge.com/geopolitical/iran-vows-faster-more-painful-response-us-attacks-after-weekend-sea-battle
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UN Demands African Statues In London As Britain Is Told To Atone For Slavery
Woke lawyers want new monuments, rewritten classrooms and "nicer" treatment of migrants
https://www.zerohedge.com/political/un-demands-african-statues-london-britain-told-atone-slavery
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Waste Of The Day: $79M To Not Work
Contractors working for the State of Illinois took a 470,000-hour paid lunch break on taxpayers' dime.
A company hired during the Covid-19 pandemic to fill staffing shortages at hospitals and long-term care facilities spent more than a third of its time on "standdown," a contract provision that paid them to be on-site and available in case they were needed.
The contractor, Favorite Healthcare Staffing, was supposed to notify the state any time its employees were on standdown for more than 24 hours. There was no evidence those notifications occurred, and the state only conducted limited oversight, according to an Aug. 11 report from Auditor General Christopher Meister.
Key facts: Favorite Healthcare earned $220.3 million from Illinois from 2022 to 2023, including $78.5 million for standdown hours.
The audit found 270 employees who billed for standdown time without actually working a single hour in two years. They earned $7.5 million.
At least eight employees even billed overtime at rates of up to $330 per hour during weeks they were on standdown for five consecutive days, according to the audit. One employee billed for overtime while he was in quarantine and not working.
Other employees billed more than 24 hours in a single day. The state paid their invoices without flagging the discrepancy, the audit found,
Favorite Healthcare was reimbursed $1.4 million for lodging costs, even though its employees were staying in their personal residences.
Upon discovering the issues, Illinois hired the consulting firm Innovative Emergency Management to review Favorite Healthcare's invoices.
But Innovative Emergency Management also had its own billing issues, the audit found. The company billed Illinois using duplicate timesheets and for employees who did not report working any hours.
Illinois later had to hire yet another firm, Crowe, to review Innovative Emergency Management's invoices. Crowe earned $1.3 million.
Summary: The public should not have to pay contractors to sit around and twiddle their thumbs, nor pay consultants to figure out why.
The #WasteOfTheDay is brought to you by the forensic auditors at OpenTheBooks.com.
https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/waste-day-79m-not-work
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New Images Reveal China's Stealth Drone At Secretive "Area 51" Base
"Two new images of the PLAAF’s latest and largest intercontinental HALE ISR #UAV, provisionally referred to simply as the #WZ-X, have been leaked..
(Area 51 in Nevada is where the US tests advanced weapons.)
https://www.zerohedge.com/military/new-images-reveal-chinas-stealth-drone-secretive-area-51-base
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"Experiencing A Psychotic Episode...": First 'Clancy Copycat?' Mom Hangs 2-Year-Old Son
Witnesses said she had become "very invested" in the Lindsay Clancy trial and was still texting friends about it hours before her son was found...
https://www.zerohedge.com/political/experiencing-psychotic-episode-first-clancy-copycat-mom-hangs-2-year-old
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DeepSeek's 160,000 Huawei Order Is A Real Threat To Nvidia In 2027
DeepSeek spent months attempting to train its R2 model on older Ascend chips with on-site Huawei engineers..
https://www.zerohedge.com/political/deepseeks-160000-huawei-order-real-threat-nvidia-2027
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Biden-Appointed (Female) Judge Dismisses DOJ Lawsuit Against New Jersey Law Restricting ICE Operations
The DOJ alleged that Gov. Sherrill's executive order prevented ICE from carrying out its duties...
https://www.zerohedge.com/political/judge-dismisses-doj-lawsuit-against-new-jersey-law-restricting-ice-operations
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Apple wants 10 million foldable iPhones. Factories were making a few hundred a day
Apple is expected to unveil its first, long-awaited foldable iPhone next Wednesday at its product event in Cupertino, California. Rumored to be called the iPhone Ultra, the device could start at more than $2,000, with MacRumors estimating that the new iPhone could cost as much as $2,499.
Apple analyst Ming-Chi Kuo expects the company to introduce the foldable alongside the iPhone 18 Pro lineup, although Nikkei Asia reports that manufacturing constraints could delay preorders.
Sources deep within Apple’s supply chain told the Japanese outlet that production lines for the foldable iPhone are producing only a few hundred units per day as the company works to meet its extremely high quality-control standards.
“Apple has very high quality requirements and added an extra trial run in August ahead of actual production. However, production is ramping up slowly, with output currently at only a few hundred units a day in late August. That initial volume could be challenging to meet market demand,” one supply-chain manager told the outlet.
The simple production math is absolutely brutal. Apple has reportedly targeted production of between 8 million and 10 million foldable iPhones this year. Even at 500 units per day, the current production rate would yield fewer than 200,000 phones over the course of a year.
(Only $2,499 plus 10% sales tax for a damn phone.)
https://www.zerohedge.com/technology/foldable-iphone-production-reportedly-limited-ahead-launch
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